Warning against the power of good oratory

Spoken by a good actor - and every great preacher, every successful advocate and politician is, among other things, a consummate actor - words can exercise an almost magical power over their hearers. Because of the essential irrationality of this power, even the best-intentioned of public speakers probably do more harm than good. When an orator, by the mere magic of words and a golden voice, persuades his audience of the rightness of a bad cause we are properly shocked. We ought to feel the same dismay whenever we find the same irrelevant tricks being used to persuade people of the rightness of a good cause. The belief engendered may be desirable, but the ground for it are intrinsically wrong, and those who use the devices of oratory for instilling even right beliefs are guilty of pandering to the least creditable elements in human nature. By exercising their disastrous gift of the gab, they deepen the quasi-hypnotic trance in which human beings live and from which it is the aim and purpose of all true philosophy, all genuinely spiritual religion to deliver them. Moreover, there cannot be effective oratory without over-simplification. But you cannot over-simplify without distorting the facts. Even when he is doing his best to tell the truth, the successful orator is ipso facto a liar.
- Aldous Huxley, The Devils of Loudun (emphasis mine)

9 comments:

Bron said...

Interesting. I think in our culture we are less exposed to really good oratory so it is perhaps an even more applicable warning to us!

Nick G said...

I think courtroom television shows are one of the last places where longish, persuasive arguments are allowed airtime nowadays.

Isn't Huxley doing exactly what he warns against? He's using loaded/passionate simplistic language (words like 'tricks', 'magical', 'quasi-hypnotic', 'disastrous') to make a polemical point. He's not following his own advice. Because his recommendation seems to be that cold, distant relaying of 'facts' is to be preferred over passionate engagement. On the one hand he's giving humans too much credit that reason alone compels us to action. And on the other hand he's not giving us enough responsibility to be discerning and critical listeners. Orator as aggressor, listener as victim.

fional said...

Great stuff. As for the lying, well it's more in the order of the 'lying' you do when you explain something complicated to a child. Technically it might be called lying, but really it's a simplification that honours both the audience and the whole truth.

I guess the danger comes when you're not even aware that you're simplifying, or when you fail to exercise care in doing so.

Mikey Lynch said...

Thanks everyone for your comments.

I appreciate your insights Nick. Yeah I think he displays very well the problems with a rationalist/modernist sort of thinking. Somehow cold hard facts are the truest truth... and yet flourishing rhetoric can be used in favour of the cold hard truth!?!

On another level, I reckon there are often times when rhetoric better conveys the subject matter. Isn't something lost when we speak of important or wonderful things in objective, clinical terminology?

fional said...

We posted at the same time Nick, so I didn't get a chance to response to your comments! I think what you're saying is valid, but I also think that there can be a point where oratory becomes manipulative. Maybe it's more to do with the integrity and intent of the speaker than with her measure of skill.

I would hope that Huxley wasn't so warning against the trickery of oratory that he would advocate lifeless speaking . . .

Al Bain said...

Nick. Spot on. He deconstructs his own argument.

Mikey. I reckon there are often times when rhetoric better conveys the subject matter. Isn't something lost when we speak of important or wonderful things in objective, clinical terminology?

Amen and Amen.

Nick G said...

Yeah I agree with you Mikey; we don't function as databases trading fact-files nor should we be.

Fiona I agree with you too (and Huxley) about the seductive power of oratory, absolutely.

Seumas Macdonald said...

I think he's wrong.

Or, to put it another way, all speech is rhetoric.

jml said...

Good post & good comments all.

I've felt similar things when I've seen a preacher or study leader come to a correct conclusion through dodgy logic or exegesis (never mind the oratory!).

Sadly, I'm never sure how to raise the point without sounding like the pendant that I am!